CATALASE AND THE DECOMPOSITION OF H2O2 Essays - Disinfectants

CATALASE AND THE DECOMPOSITION OF H2O2 Essays - Disinfectants NAME: CLASS : DBT 4A DATE SUBMITTED : 14 AUG 2015 EXPERIMENT 4:CATALASE AND THE DECOMPOSITION OF H2O2 (VIRTUAL) PROCEDURE 1.Fill the beaker with water and 5ml of hydrogen peroxide. 2.Pipette 1ml of catalase enzyme into the beaker. 3.After 10 seconds, add sulfuric acid into the beaker. 4.Using titration method, check the presence of hydrogen peroxide in beaker. 5.Fill the burette with 5ml of potassium permanganate ( KMnO4). 6.Add KMnO4 drop by drop into the beaker until the H2O2 become purple color. 7.Record the data. 8.Repeat the step 1 until step 7 for 30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 seconds. RESULTS Determination of catalase activity Time (s)10306090120180 Initial reading of KMnO4 (ml) 5 5 5 5 5 5 Final reading of KMnO4 (ml) 0.5 1.5 3 4 4.5 4.9 Amount of H2O2 that reacts with KMnO4 (ml) 4.5 3.5 2 1 0.5 0.1 Amount of H2O2 that was broken down by catalase 0.5 1.5 3 4 4.5 4.9 Amount of KMnO4 (ml) used 4.5 3.5 2 1 0.5 0.1 Rate determination Time intervals (s)0 - 1010 - 3030 - 6060 - 9090 -120120 - 180 Rate (ml/s)0.45 0.180.070.030.021.67 X 10-3 Calculation : Amount of H2O2 that reacts with KMnO4 (ml) = Rate (ml/s) Time 1)4.5ml 10 - 0 = 0.45 ml/s Graph DISCUSSION The purpose of this experiment is to study the rate of enzyme catalase which involves in hydrolyzing process. This means that to determine the time taken for the catalase to breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. Amount of hydrogen peroxide that was broken down by catalase determined by the production of the bubbles. While the amount of remaining hydrogen peroxide measured by the help of potassium permanganate. Which means that amount of potassium permanganate needed to change the color of the catalase solution to purple is the remaining amount of hydrogen peroxide. Substrate of this experiment is the hydrogen peroxide while the products are water and oxygen gas. When the catalase enzyme is added to the beaker which contains water and hydrogen peroxide bubbling in the solution can be observed. The production of bubbles shows the process of breaking down of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen gas and it is the appearance of products. For an instance, 0.5ml of hydroge n peroxide was broken down by catalase enzyme in 10 seconds. Potassium permanganate was used to measure the disappearance of hydrogen peroxide by titration method. Potassium permanganate added to the hydrogen peroxide solution drop by drop until color changes occur. The solution turns into purple color which indicate the disappearance of the hydrogen peroxide. For an example, 4.5ml of potassium permanganate is used to change the color of solution into purple. The break down of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen gas by catalase can be summarized as : Catalase 2 H2O2 2 H2O + O2 Potassium permanganate is an oxidizing agent. Thus, it is reduced by hydrogen peroxide to a clear solution. But as soon as the hydrogen peroxide is gone the intense purple color of the permanganate will be visible. The equation of this reaction is : 5 H2O2 + 2MnO4- + 6H+ = 5O2 + 2Mn2+ + 8H2O

Decision-making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Decision-making - Essay Example (Salaman, 2001. p.75) A smooth-decision making process is important for well-running of the organization. Decision-making process is considered to be the most important work the managers are assigned to deal with in an organization. This view is further consolidated by the fact that some people view managing and decision-making has two words with same meaning but different interpretations. There are infinite reasons to consider decision-making to be an integral part of organizations, a theory which has interested most of the theorists and economists. (Salaman, 2001. p.75) Some theorists believe that decision-making provides the door to the so called 'underworld' of an organization. The process involved in making a decision, brings out the political attitude of people involved, resulting in political activities being performed. So, it can be conceived that decision-making brings out two extreme conclusions about an organization. One end shows the strength of an organization in making crucial decisions, showing the solidarity of the management and their power. The other extreme is where the political games are played, where the leads play around the resources to get the decisions to go in their favour. Decisions made in an organization is always power played by people in influential powers and the way each decision shapes after going through these people is not even known to the people involved in it. The end decision always has as a byproduct in terms of disharmony within the organization but it is almost inherent and non deniable. (Salaman, 2001. p.9 7) According to Pettigrew, every decision has the above said political perspective added to it. According to him, an organization is a political playground, with different sub units having different perspective about a decision and each unit opposes the other in terms of their views, their struggle to show majority and finally, ending up in a lot of major implications both for nature and the end-decision. He views this political aspect of decision making to form the crux of any organization in creating the core structural and organizational processes. Several theists say that most of the people involved in decision making view governments as organization but find it reluctant to agree that all organizations are governments. (Salaman, 2001. p.97) They further reason for the neglect of this aspect explaining that people view decision making as part of a formal structure of an organization rather than viewing it as a political structure. Most people tend to work on decision making in psychological terms instead of seeing it in a sociological basis. In short, no person tends to see them as being political and in case if they act so, they justify it by reasoning that they do it for the well being of the organization. There are several features for this political perspective of decision-making that lends support to it. Pettigrew observes these features and explains how important they are to an organization. (Salaman, 2001. p.97) According to him, every organization is a group of several sub organizations. He views it to be a political system that is open for all. These sub-organizations specialize on each work and some of them may have to be dependent on one another to produce the result. In such cases of inter-dependence, a joint decision has to be done in a decision making process. These kinds of processes pave

Systems and Operation Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Systems and Operation Management - Essay Example The reason why Apple is one of the most acclaimed companies that stands out from the rest of the technology companies is the fact that it has continued to grow through the continuous redefinition of standards and techniques of innovation right from the products designed, to the way that they are marketed and also their improvement. The partnership of Wozniak and Jobs proved to be the perfect recipe for building one of the largest technology companies in the world. The former was the real technical genius who endeavored to create the first computer whereas the latter made advertisements and was involved in the marketing of the first computer. In the summer of 1976, the first computer named apple I was created. By either luck or intensive marketing, it was sold to the Byte Shop which was the premier retail customer chain in the world. The remarkable feat is that the two were able to successfully build and sell all of the first 50 computers that they made in that first summer in operati on. The official incorporation of the company occurred on January 3rd in 1977. This gave the two partners the motivation they required and in that year, they started working on the Apple II but this time with the help of some of their friends who were technically-savvy. The company image was born out of Job’s passion for computers which led to him consulting with the then retired Intel Corporation’s marketing manager, Michael Markkula who even bought a third of the company for $250,000. As the business grew, the three partners thought it prudent to appoint Michael Scott as their CEO and the first president. However, before the launch of the Apple two, it was decided that the company update its image. This led to the involvement of Robert Janoff. The design that he designed is still in use even up to today. The art director states that the only direction that he got from Steve Jobs was that he should not attempt to make the design sweet (Razl 2009). The Apple II and its antecedent the Apple I were very great successes for the company. This prompted them to start working on the Apple III. This project was the first failure for the company and it sparked a protracted battle between Scott and Jobs. This escalated when Scott unanimously, without consulting the board of directors, to sack 40 employees. This action led to his demotion to vice chairman with Jobs assuming the mantle of chairman. Markkula assumed the position of CEO and this led to Scott’s resignation in 1981. Although the tension within the company continued to escalate, the Apple Lisa was to be developed using a new Graphic User Interface (GUI) (Bellis 2009). Jobs were the brainchild behind this development after a visit to the Xerox Company and it is no wonder that the computer was named after his oldest daughter. Xerox seemed oblivious to the potential that this technology had and although they were using it in their products, they did not consider it as being viable to be used in personal computers. Jobs as the lead designer of the Lisa continued to test consumer reaction while continuously improving the interface. Markkula, being impatient with this maneuver relieved Jobs of his role as the lead designer which in turn led him to being demoted and subsequently, John Sculley was hired as the new CEO. The

Peaceful and Happy Personality, Positive Lifestyle Essay Example for Free

Peaceful and Happy Personality, Positive Lifestyle Essay They promote the utmost understanding of the present rather than dealing with the past. Since they give importance to the dealings of their spontaneous actions, they let go of their subconscious dealing with the environment. In having this kind of belief, Zen Buddhists kind of meditation promotes focusing on the inner strength of the present to give them a more valuable interpretation of their own experiences. It emphasizes dharma practices for them to awaken their spiritual factor thriving in them. To attain further discovery of their self, they must submit themselves in the understanding of their present state of being. Zen Buddhism discourages the strong association of their life to written texts and oral tradition of answering metaphysical matter. They promote this kind of belief for them to be able to address the limitations of their actions and for them to attest their discipline and hold to their own teachings. Many had been practicing this kind of religion because of its simplicity but complex understanding of the complex flow of their life. Since they do not hold many teachings on the philosophical written documents, many said that this kind of practice is against the law of words and against the theoretical framework of many religions existing today. This kind of belief of Zen Buddhism lead to their diverse understanding of their situation thus giving them a perspective of life and its attached meaning to their personal events and perspective to the kind of perception that they have. Taking the beliefs of Zen Buddhism, it is important to see it as an â€Å"influence† to the environment, positively or negatively, in which a person belongs. Therefore, through the collective efforts of the Buddhists, as they have made an impression to the people, they have gained this special discipline that allows them to live in a simple way without to many needs and frustrations in life. It advocates the pursuit a non-greed life in human pursuits in a non-violent way. (De Silva, 1992) They like being quiet and avoid noises for it distracts the meditation of the soul. So, this values practice helps them to reach their goal of a peaceful and a suffering-less life. Since they give importance to their peaceful way of life, they believed that through this, they can have a good personality especially in interacting with other members of the society. Although some of them chose to stay far away from people to avoid distractions, many of them still wants to influence other people by showing them how to be a real Zen Buddhist. And because of this, they become happier in dealing with their everyday experience. By looking at them in the society, they tend to have more stable emotional attachments because of the training that they have in their religion. If we will merge the idea of Zen Buddhism and their teachings, we can notice their emotion in their dealings with everyday’s scenario. Since they have the meditation and focus on the present situation of their life, in effect, they developed system of interaction that promotes same way of living with the teachings of their religion. In this way, Zen Buddhist keeps their focus on conscious thinking with regards to their experiences. In addition to that, Zen Buddhists have different meanings on their personal choices and perception to any problem that they may encounter. At this point, Zen Buddhists attained a certain level of acceptance and happiness to deal with their life and to give positive meanings to their endeavors and suffering. This attitude in life constitutes not only our perception but also our actions in dealing with other people and into different situation. Through their teaching of not only what is good and bad but on how to live your life to be able to be good, we can see the varying result. Buddhists are calmer and quieter in dealing even with the most pressure driven situation in life. They do not resort to any kind of violence in solving conflicts that arisen, but rather chose to a peaceful negotiation and trust to the capabilities of a human soul. This is one of their practices in relation to karma, or the fruit of their actions. Believing that if they do good, something good will happen to them.

Lincolns Beliefs Against Racism and Slavery :: American History Abraham Lincoln

* What were Lincoln's beliefs concerning race and slavery? How did they change over time, and in what ways did they remain the same? How were they evident in the Lincoln-Douglass Debates, and the history of emancipation? On October 16, 1854, Abraham Lincoln gave a speech denouncing the Kansas-Nebraska Act at Peoria, Illinois. He stated that it was too modified and it was a repeal to the Missouri Compromise. The Missouri Compromise prohibited slavery in the remainder of the Louisiana Purchase north of 36Â °30'N lat. The Kansas-Nebraska Act gave the territories popular sovereignty which was the direct opposite of the previous decision. "This declared indifference, but as I must think, covert real zeal for the spread of slavery, I can not but hate. I hate it because of the monstrous injustice of slavery itself (Johnson 45)." In a fragment that Abraham Lincoln wrote in 1854 about slavery, he protested that both blacks and whites had the same right to enslave each other and neither had more superiority. He used a theory to prove all of the whites' reasons for slavery were incorrect and could be turned around to enslave them. "You say A. is white, and B is black. It is color, then; the lighter, having the right to enslave the darker? Take care. By this rule, you are to be slave to the first man you meet, with a fairer skin than your own." He also went on to use the same reasoning towards disproving the arguments that whites are intellectually superior to blacks (Johnson 49). On June 26, 1857 Lincoln gave a speech on the Dred Scott case. He expressed his disapproval of their decision but maintained that he offered no resistance to it. The point that the court had over-ruled its own decisions before was brought up and he said, "We shall try to do what we can to have to over-rule this (Johnson 56)." Lincoln realized the necessity to respect and abide by the law, but he also recognized the ability, through legislative power, to change the law. In the Lincoln-Douglass Debates, Lincoln stated that he had no lawful right to interfere with the institution of slavery. Lincoln also goes on further to say that he doesn't believe in full political or social equality for blacks, but he says that whites and blacks share the inalienable rights that are listed in the Declaration of Independence.

Auditing, Financial/Tax and Management Accounting

To obtain a challenging position utilizing several years experience in Accounting, Computers or Management Own and operate a Computer business. Rebuild and make custom built computers per request. Provide computer training,repair,web design. Union Planters Trust & Investment Management Manage investment fund accounts and ensure proper trade and balance. Maintain and process records. May Company, World Omni, Onsite Staffing Collections Manager/Collections Analyst Manage customer.s accounts and ensure line of credit. Maintain and process internal records of Collection. Prepare legal documentation as needed. Initiate credit investigations and establish Documentation for collection on indirect loans, direct loans, home equity and line of credit. Dresser Industries,Manpower Temporary Service, American Building Material Accountant, Collections Manager, Export Biller Assigned to companies in need of assistance with their accounting department. To include general ledger, Taxes, accounts receivable, accounts payable, collections, credit and payroll. Administer procedures for branch managers for collection. Managed credit for customers for eight States. Managed customer accounts and maintained and processed internal records of collection. Initiate credit investigations. Prepared legal documentation. Journal entries through month end closing. Reconciliation, financial statement presentation. Computer literacy with mainframe software and PC spreadsheet software. Auditing: checking accounting ledgers and financial statements within the corporation. Budget Analysis: responsible For developing and managing the organizations financial plans. Financial: prepare financial statements based on General ledgers and participate in important financial decisions involving mergers & acquisitions, benefits/ERISA Planning and long-term financial projections. Management Accounting: decisions about capital budgeting and line of business analysis. Major functions included cost analysis, analysis of new contracts and participation in efforts to control expenses efficiently. Responsibility to spend money in the company at the right level of our Organizational goals and objectives to control cost being communicated effectively Tax: prepare corporate income Tax statements and formulate tax strategies involving issues such as financial choice, deferral of taxes, when to Expense items Responsibilities included the management of the following functions: Accoun! ting, financial planning And reporting, payroll, human resources, internal computer support. Developed Standard operating procedures for Inventory control, Accounts Payable, Accounts Receivable. Implemented new accounting system from manual to Daceasy. Supervised 15 employees, administered several audits.

Analysis Of Frosh Supports Bulter s Theory And Through...

Frosh supports Bulter’s theory and through the quote Frosh expresses how otherness is used in order to arrange society and that the idea of masculinity and femininity are meaningless ideas created by societies. Clothing is used in order to reflect being part of a group. Barnard (2002) believes that dress is used as a way of reflecting that someone is a part of a group. In the 1980s this can be seen in groups such as Goths, Raggas and Raver. Malcom Barnard says: Barnard’s is saying it is not how someone is that make them apart of the Ragga group, it is how they dress and that someone does not intentionally go and buy clothing in order to reflect being a Ragga. Barnard’s idea of clothing used as belonging can also support the way clothing is used to express the wearers belonging to gender groups insinuating that people do not intentionally dress to reflect their gender but it is the wearing of certain clothing that establishes them with a gender. Clothes would accentuate the areas of the body that were associated with gender in a certain era such as bust, hip and waist for women in the Victorian era therefore expressing that the wearer is a woman. Mary Ellen Roach and Joanne Bubolz Eicher (2007) support this idea through their belief that the codpiece that was seen on hoses in the Medieval era was decorative in order to accentuate men’s privates. Padding can also be seen throughout history to make the shoulders wider for men and then in 1980s they are seen on the shoulder